Emerging research highlights a strong link between gut microbiota and overall health—including mental well-being, immune response, and even the development of autism.

A recent study published in The Journal of Immunology suggests a potential connection between a mother’s microbiome and autism in offspring. According to the World Health Organization, autism affects communication and social interaction, and often co-occurs with conditions like anxiety, ADHD, and epilepsy.

Researchers at the University of Virginia identified a key immune molecule, interleukin-17a (IL-17a), which may influence brain development in the womb. IL-17a is already known to play a role in conditions such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis.

Using mice, scientists compared two groups: one with gut bacteria that triggered high IL-17a inflammation, and a control group. When IL-17a was blocked early, both groups developed normally. But once the intervention stopped, the high-IL-17a group displayed autism-like behaviors.

To further test their theory, researchers performed a fecal transplant, transferring the inflammatory gut bacteria to the control group. These mice also developed repetitive behaviors, mimicking autism symptoms.

Though the study was limited to mice, it offers valuable insight. Lead researcher John Lukens emphasized the need to identify microbiome features in pregnant women that could correlate with autism risk.

While targeting IL-17a might help prevent autism, altering immune responses during pregnancy carries risks. Lukens noted that IL-17a is just one part of a complex immune landscape, and further research is essential before clinical recommendations can be made.