Vertical ridges are grooves that extend from the tip of your fingernail down to the cuticle. These are sometimes identified as longitudinal striations or bands.
As we age, our fingernails may develop slight vertical ridges. This change may occur in older adults due to a reduction in cell renewal. This renewal refers to the process when new skin cells, formed beneath the skin surface, rise to replace the old, dead cells.
Along with ridges, if you spot other changes in your nails, it could signify a medical condition. In the case of trachyonychia, or twenty-nail dystrophy, the ridges might appear shiny or brittle.
Iron deficiency anemia is another condition that may lead to vertical ridges and result in nails becoming concave or spoon-shaped.
Deep horizontal ridges, commonly known as Beau’s lines, can indicate serious underlying health issues. These lines may halt nail growth until the primary issue is addressed.
The presence of Beau’s lines can potentially signal acute kidney disease.
A research review from 2023 highlighted that medications, especially chemotherapy drugs, are frequently the culprits behind Beau’s lines. Moreover, other potential causes include:
Physical trauma to your nails can manifest as red or brown spots beneath them.
If you notice dark brown, black, or red hues under your nails without any known trauma, it might be a symptom of a serious condition, such as endocarditis or melanoma.
Evaluating the Issue
If your nails change in color or texture, it’s worth having them checked by a doctor. If your nails have been injured, it might be wise to observe how they heal over a few weeks before seeking medical advice.
Nonetheless, immediate medical attention is necessary if the injury results in severe symptoms.
Even without an injury, any noticeable nail changes warrant an evaluation. During a medical examination, your doctor will inspect your nails and inquire about other symptoms you might be experiencing.
If there’s suspicion of kidney disease, diabetes, or nutritional deficiencies, the doctor may order urine and blood tests.
Should the ridges arise from a skin condition, a dermatologist can tailor a treatment plan for you.
If the root cause of the nail ridges remains unidentified, the dermatologist might collect nail clippings for laboratory analysis to check for infections.
Eliminating Ridges
Since fingernail ridges often signify underlying health conditions, the focus is primarily on treating those health issues. For instance, if Beau’s lines develop due to diabetes, managing blood sugar levels effectively can help reduce horizontal ridges.
If eczema is the factor, treatment might involve moisturizers and topical ointments to alleviate symptoms.
In cases caused by nutrient deficiencies, adjustments to your diet or taking supplements may be recommended to enhance nutrient levels.
Consult a dermatologist for guidance on nail care to prevent further damage.
Using online tools like Healthline’s FindCare can help connect you to local dermatologists.
Understanding Nail Ridges
Nail ridges usually aren’t harmful, but can bear different implications. Vertical ridges often signify aging, whereas horizontal ridges might indicate issues such as malnutrition, significant nail trauma, or Beau’s lines.
Factors Contributing to Nail Ridges
Research in 2022 pointed out aging as a common cause of nail ridges. However, they can also result from poor nail care, trauma, vitamin deficiencies, or serious medical issues.
The Role of Nutritional Deficiencies
Nutritional deficiencies can impact nail health. Specifically, iron deficiency may lead to vertical ridges. Other vital vitamins for nail health include zinc, and vitamins A, C, and D.
Research from 2018 also recommended biotin for supporting nail health, although further studies are required to fully understand its benefits.
Handling Ridges in Nails
Some dermatologists suggest gently buffing nails to remove ridges. However, it’s generally advised to keep nails moisturized, well-trimmed, and consult a dermatologist for any further care suggestions.
Prognosis for Individuals with Nail Ridges
For most, nail ridges are a natural part of aging. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to monitor fingernail ridges and other changes, as they might be early indicators of a significant medical issue.